A Family Ruined By Tuberculosis In the 21st Century
Keywords:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Line Probe Assay, TB drug resistanceAbstract
A 45 year old male, resident of Navi Mumbai presented with history of chronic cough. Clinico-radiological features were suggestive of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. In view of multiple family members suffering from TB with bad treatment outcomes, we sent his sputum for AFB culture and drug sensitivity testing. Line probe assay (LIPA) revealed that he is suffering from tuberculosis with resistance to Rifampicin & Isoniazid. We present here the genesis of this case of primary drug resistant TB with special focus on drug resistance and the subsequent development of tuberculosis in family members with detailed analysis of circumstances and factors resulting in adverse outcomes.
Downloads
References
Global tuberculosis report 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization ( http:// www.who. Int/tb/publications/global report/en/).
ZignoIM, vanGemert W, Falzon D, et al. Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world; an updated analysis, 2007-2010. Bull world Health Organ 2012; 90: 111D-119D.
Tuberculosis MDR –TB and XDR – TB:2011 progress report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011.
Grant Theoron, Lynn, Duncan, Petra CLOWES, Feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis in primary-care setting in Africa: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Lancet2014;383; 424-435.
Boehme CC, NicoIMP, NabetaP et al. Feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and effectiveness of decentralized use of the XpertMTB/RIF test for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistance: a multicenter implementation study. Lancet. 2011 Apr 30; 377(9776): 1495-505.
Squire SB, Belaye AK, Kashoti A, et ai. ‘Lost’ smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases: where are they and why did we lose them? Int j Tuberc Lung Dis 2005;9:25-31.
Botha E, DenBoon, Verver S, et al. initial default from tuberculosis treatment: how often does it happen and what are the reasons? Int j tuberc Lung Dis 2008;12:820-23.
Santha T, Gopi PG, Rajeshwari R, Selvakumar N, Subramani R, chandrasekaran V, et al. Is it worth treating category I failure patients with category I regimen? Indian J tuberc2005;52: 203-6.
Revised National Tuberculosis Programme. DOTS-Plus guidelines. New Delhi: Central TB division. Directorate General Health Services: March 2006:15
TBC India. TB India RNTCP status report ,. New Delhi : Central TB Division, Directorate General Health Service, Ministry of Health and family Welfare; 2007.
Paramisivan CN, Venkataraman P. Drug resistance in tuberculosis in India. J Med RES 2004; 120: 377-86.
Cgadha VK. Tuberculosis epidemiology in India: A review. Int J Tuberc Lung dis 2005;9:1072-82.
KritskiAL, Rodrigues de jesus LS, AndradeM, Wernek – BarrosoE, VieiraMA, Haffner A, ET AL Retreatment tuberculosis cases. Factors associated with drug resistance and adverse outcomes. Chest 1997;111:1162-7.
World Health Organization. Treatment of tuberculosis: Guidelines for National Programmes. Third edition. Geneva: WHO: 2003 WHO/CDS/TB/2003.313
American Thoracic Society/ Centres for Disease Control And Prevention/ Infectious Diseases Society of America. Treatment of Tuberculosis. Am J Respire Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 603-62.
Espinal MA, Kim SJ, Suarcz PG, Kam KM, Khomenko AG, Migliori GB, et al. Standard shortcourse chemotherapy for drug – resistant tuberculosis: treatment outcomes in six countries. JAMA 2000;283: 2537-45.
Vijay S, Balasangameshwara VH, Jagannatha PS, Saroja VN, Shivashankar D, Jagota P. Re-treatment of smear positive tuberculosis cases under DOTS in Bangalore city. Indian J Tuberc 2002;49: 195-204.
Joseph P, Chandrasekaran V, Thomas A, Gopi PG, Rajeshwari R, Balasubramanian R, et al. Influence of Drug susceptibility on treatment outcome and susceptibility profile of ‘failures’ to category II regimen. Indian J Tuberc 2006;53: 141-8.
PeterDO Davies; Clinical Tuberculosis 4th edition.
Han LL, Sloutsky A, Canales R, Naroditskaya V, Shin SS, Seung KJ, et al. Acquisition of resistance in multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc 2005, 9; 818-821.
Gulrez Shah Azhar DOTS for TB relapse in India: A systematic review Lung India 147-153, 2, vol 29 2012.
Espinal MA, Kim SJ, Suarcz PG, Kam KM, Khomenko AG, Migliori Gb, Et al. Standard short-course chemotherapy for drug – resistant tuberculosis: treatment outcomes in six countries. JAMA 2000;283:2537-45.
Thomas A, Gopi PG, Santha T, Chandrashekaran V, Subramani R, Selvakumar N, Et al. Predictors of relapse among pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients treated in a DOTS programme in south india. Int J Tuberc lung dis 2005;9: 556/61.
Vijay S, Balasangameswara VII, Jagannatha TS Saroja VN, Kimar P. Treatment outcome and two and a half years follow up status of new smear positive patients treated under RNTCP. Indian J Tuberc2004;51: 199-208.
Tuberculosis Research Centre. A controlled clinical trial of oral short-course regimens in the treatment of sputum – positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Inj Tuberc Lung Dis 1997;1: 509-17.
Cox HS, MarrowM, Duetschmann PW, Long term efficacy of DOTS regimens for tuberculosis: systematic review. BMJ. 2008 Mar 1; 336(7642): 484-7.
Paramasivan CN1, Chandrasekaran V, Santha T, Sudarsanam NM, Prabhakar R. Bacteriological investigations for short – course chemotherapy under the tuberculosis programme in two districts of India. Tuber Lung Dis. 1993 Feb; 74(1): 23-7
World Health OrganisationGuidelines for the programmatic management of Durg-resistant Tuberculosis. Geneva; WHO: 2006.
V.N. Balasubramanian K. Oommen, R. Samuel. DOT or not? Direct observation of anti-tuberculosis treatment and patient outcomes, Kerala stste, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis; 4(5): 409-413.
Uplekar MW, Rangan S. Private doctor and tuberculosis control in India. Tuber Lung Dis 1993;74: 332-7.
National Council of Applied Economics Research. Household survey Of health care institution and expenditure. New Delhi: NCAER, Working paper no 53. 1995.
Jaggarajamma K, Sudha G, Chandrasekaran V, Nirupa C, Thomas A, Santha T, et al. Reasons for non-compliance among patients treated under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), Tiruvallur District, South India- Indian j Tuberc 2007;54: 130-5.
Farmer P, Bayona J, Vecerra M, Furin J, Henry C, Hiatt H, et al. The dilemma of MDR – TB in the global CRA. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998;2: 869-76.
WHO TB – A global emergency. WHO press release. WHO/31. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993.
Alimuddin Zumla & colleagues. Comment Lancet- 2014, 383: 1016.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
