Impact of Hypothermia on Respiratory Distress In Neonates

Abstract

Neonatal hypothermia is a global concern linked to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Defined by the WHO as a body temperature below 36.5°C, hypothermia is a preventable condition that can lead to severe complications, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Objective: To assess the association between hypothermia and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates, evaluate the prevalence of hypothermia, and analyze its impact on RDS severity. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted over one year in the NICU of a tertiary care center. Neonates with gestational ages between 24 and 42 weeks and diagnosed with hypothermia (body temperature <36.5°C) were included. Statistical analysis was focused on the association between hypothermia and RDS severity. Results: Out of 100 neonates, 55% were male, and 60% were born to primiparous mothers. Hypothermia was present in 50% of neonates, and RDS was observed in 55%. Among neonates with hypothermia, 40% experienced severe RDS, while no severe RDS was observed in non-hypothermic neonates (p < 0.01). Hypothermic neonates also showed lower mean oxygen saturation (85%) compared to normothermic neonates (97%), with improvement after rewarming. The association between hypothermia and RDS severity was statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypothermia significantly impacts the severity of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates, emphasizing the need for early detection and proper thermal management in NICUs. Addressing hypothermia can reduce RDS severity and improve neonatal outcomes.