A Cross Sectional Study to Evaluate the Prevalence of Dry eye & its Clinical Features amongst the Patients Visiting the Ophthalmic OPD of Tertiary Care Hospital in Ahmednagar District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46858/dvvpf.j.Keywords:
Dry Eye, DTS, Prevalence, Clinical parameters in dry eyeAbstract
Background: Dry eye syndrome is now more appropriately referred to as DTS i.e. (Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome). Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. The number of patients presenting in Ophthalmology OPD with the symptoms of DTS are continuously increasing now a days. Aim: to evaluate the prevalence of dry eye and its clinical features amongst the patients visiting the Ophthalmic OPD of DVVPF’s Medical college & Hospital, Ahmednagar. Methodology: it was Cross sectional observational study, included 200 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria & after detailed history & ophthalmic examination. Study period was one year from January 2017 to December 2017, with convenience sampling method. Results: The study population in total was 200. The eyes included in the study were 388. The age group included in the study were from 21 to 70 years with mean age being 47.92 years. Of the total number of patients; 163 were females and 37 were males with male to female ratio 4.405. In this whole group, 97 patients (160) were diagnosed to have dry eye based upon tests. The youngest patient was of 21 years and oldest patient was of 65 years. Mean age of patient was 47.97+/- 11.55 years. There was significant association between the age groups and presence of dry eye (p = 0.028). With the advancement of age, prevalence of dry eye increased. In this study, there were 163 females and 37 males with the females to male ratio being 4.38:1. Presence of dry mouth, conjunctival congestion, corneal dryness & refractive errors were having significant association with the presence of dry eye. (p < 0.001). Conclusion: DTS evaluation with standard tests for dry eye helps in accurate diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
Downloads
References
Lemp MA. Rep ort of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eye. CLAOJ 1995;21:221-32
Pugfelder SC, Jones D, Ji Z , et al. Altered cytokine b alance in the tear uid and conjunctiva of patients with Sjogrens syndrome keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Curr Eye Res 1999;19:201-11
Tsubota K, Fujihara T, Saito K, Takeuchi T. Conjunctival epithelium expression of HLA-DR in dry eye patients. Ophthalmologica 1999;213:16-9
Begley CG, Chalmers RL, Abetz L, Venkataraman K, Mertzanis P, Caffery BA, Snyder C, Edrington T, Nelson D, Simpson T. The relationship between habitual patient-reported symptoms and clinical signs among patients with dry eye of varying severity. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2003 Nov 1;44(11):4753-61.
Musch DC, Sugar A, Meyer RF. Demographic and predisposing factors in corneal ulceration. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1983 Oct 1;101(10):1545-8.
Perry HD, Solomon R, Donnenfeld ED, Perry AR, Wittpenn JR, Greenman HE, Savage HE. Evaluation of topical cyclosporine for the treatment of dry eye disease. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2008 Aug 11;126(8):1046-50.
Basak SK, Pal PP, Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A, Choudhury S, Sar S. Prevalence of dry eye diseases in hospital-based population in West Bengal, Eastern India. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 2012 Nov;110(11):789-94.
Sahai A, Malik P. Dry eye: prevalence and attributable risk factors in a hospital-based population. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2005 Apr 1;53(2):87.
Schaumberg DA, Sullivan DA, Buring JE, Dana MR. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women. American journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Aug 1;136(2):318-26.
Gupta N, Prasad I, Himashree G, D'Souza P. Prevalence of dry eye at high altitude: a case controlled comparative study. High altitude medicine & biology. 2008 Dec 1;9(4):327-34.
Onwubiko SN, Eze BI, Udeh NN, Arinze OC, Onwasigwe EN, Umeh RE. Dry eye disease: prevalence, distribution and determinants in a hospital-based population. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2014 Jun 1;37(3):157-61.
Titiyal JS, Falera RC, Kaur M, Sharma V, Sharma N. Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in North India: Ocular surface disease index-based cross-sectional hospital study. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2018 Feb;66(2):207.
Jie Y, Xu L, Wu YY, Jonas JB. Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study. Eye. 2009 Mar;23(3):688.
Gupta RC, Ranjan R, Kushwaha RN, Khan P, Mohan S. A questionnaire-based survey of dry eye disease among leather tannery workers in Kanpur, India: a case-control study. Cutaneous and ocular toxicology. 2014 Dec 1;33(4):265-9.
Lee AJ, Lee J, Saw SM, Gizzard , Koh D, Widjaja D et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye symptoms : A population based study in Indonesia. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1347-51.
Khurana AK, Choudhary R, Ahulwalia BK , Gupta S. Hospital Epidemiplogy of dry eye . Indian J Ophthalmol 1991;39:255-58.
Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE . Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118 : 1264-68.
Srinivasan S, Joyce E, Senchyma M, Simpson T, Jones L. Clinical signs & symptoms in post menopausal females with symptoms of dry eye. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008;28(4): 365 -372.
VANSELOW NA, DODSON VN, ANGELL DC, DUFF IF. A clinical study of Sjögren's syndrome. Annals of internal medicine. 1963 Jan 1;58(1):124-35.
Schein OD, Hochberg MC, Munoz B, Tielsch JM, Bandeen-Roche K, Provost T, Anhalt GJ, West S. Dry eye and dry mouth in the elderly: a population-based assessment. Archives of internal medicine. 1999 Jun 28;159(12):1359-63.
