Caesarian Vs Vaginal Delivery: From A Human Microbiota Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.9307Keywords:
Human microbiota, Microbial colonization, Immune systemAbstract
The route of the birth delivery influences new born’s health. Children born via Cesarean section are at increased risk of developing asthma, systemic connective tissue disorders, juvenile arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, immune deficiencies and leukemia. Part of these diseases is believed to be related to maturation of neonatal immune system. During vaginal delivery, the contact with the maternal vaginal and intestinal flora is an important source for the start of the infant's colonisation. During Caesarean delivery, this direct contact is absent, and non-maternally derived environmental bacteria plays an important role for infant’s gastro-intestinal colonisation. The primary function of microbial colonisation during the foetal period, intrapartum and after the birth is crucial in maturation and development of new-born immune system. This review supports the choice of the route of birth delivery and consequently favours a decrease in unnecessary Cesarean sections. It is crucial to provide this information to pregnant women and/or couples and health workers to make informed and educated decisions.
Downloads
References
Sevelsted A, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, BisgaardH. Cesarean Section and Chronic Immune Disorders.Pediatrics.2015 jan;135(1).
Dominguez-Bello MG, De Jesus-Laboy KM, Shen N,Cox LM, Amir A, Gonzalez A, et al. Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer. Nature Med. 2016 Feb 01;(22):250-3.
Okada H, Kuhn C, Feillet H, et al. The ‘hygiene hypothesis’ for autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010; 160(1):1–9.
Caicedo RA, Schanler RJ, Li N, Neu J. The developing intestinal ecosystem: implications for the neonate. Pediatr Res. 2005; 58(4):625–8.
Sears CL. A dynamic partnership: celebrating our gut flora. Anaerobe. 2005; 11(5):247–51.
O'Hara AM, Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 2006; 7(7):688–93.
Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet. 2003; 361(9356):512–9.
Khoruts A, Dicksved J, Jansson JK, et al. Changes in the composition of the human fecal microbiome after bacteriotherapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010; 44(5):354–60.
Group NHW, Peterson J, Garges S, et al. The NIH Human Microbiome Project. Genome Res. 2009; 19(12):2317–23.
Gerritsen J, Smidt H, Rijkers G T, de Vos WM. Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics. Genes Nutr 2011;6:209–240.
Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, et al. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 2006;118:511–521.
Bezirtzoglou E, Tsiotsias A, Welling GW. Microbiota profile in feces of breast and formula-fed new borns by using fluorescence insitu hybridization(FISH). Anaerobe2011;17:478–482.
Turroni F, Peano C, Pass D, et al. Diversity of bifido bacteria with in the infant gut microbiota. PLoSOne 2012;7:e36957.
Hooper LV, Littman DR, Macpherson AJ. Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system. Science2012;336:1268–1273.
Jumpertz R, LeDS, Turnbaugh PJ, etal. Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:58–65.
Bercik P, Denou E, Collins J, etal. The intestinal microbiota affects central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology 2011;141:599–609.
Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E, et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999; 28(1):19–25.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Mahesh Shinde, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
